March 26, 2007

RFID Tag A Tree?

RFID can be used for many more applications than might seem evident. Subni RFID Webservice is a social networking website that encourages people to tag objects and map metadata to this site's database. For example, if you tag a tree, I presume that you can share information such as latitude/ longitude, type, age, city, country, date of tagging condition of tree, etc.

I say "presume" because while you have to register to use the service, they tell you after you waste time filling out the form that they're not taking new members. (They also don't bother setting up the form for anyone outside the U.S.) However, their applications page diagrams what look like very interesting applications - with no text whatsoever to describe them, unfortunately.

Basically, at the time of this writing, this site is a tease, hinting at what could be. Very frustrating but also exciting. For example, they describe a Subni application called Soundtag, which converts information from an RFID tag on a prescription bottle to sound. This would help visually impaired people know that they have the right medication. This is a brilliant idea, and while other companies might be doing something similar, I haven't come across it elsewhere.

Other applications that they describe on the site suggest tagging physical objects. This has the potential for some powerful municipal applications.

For example, amongst the client computing projects that I've worked on, one of the more interesting ones was a forestry-style application for a municipal tree database. For the sample database, I drove around wooded areas and photographed a few clusters of trees. Theoretically, I would have attached some identifying badge to each tree, then recorded approximate geographic coordinates. This information from the field would have been synced up with a central database later, when I "got back from the field."

Now imagine if there was an easier way to manage such a database, and make it central. So put it online, and use durable RFID forestry tags. Provided handheld readers have a wireles connection to the Internet, field agents could update a database - private or public - in real-time. Add environmental sensors and a memory device like the i-Disk RFID flash drive, and environmental conditions could be stored for later analysis.

In fact, any municipal assets such as park benches and bus shelters, could be tagged in this manner. What might also help is a means for citizens to report problems with an asset. At present, if a tree goes down, a bus shelter is smashed, etc., a citizen makes a call and gives the nearest intersection.

In the future, they might be able to use their NFC-enabled cell phone (dual-mode Wi-Fi/ cellular) to call in the information using a VoIP application over a municipal Wi-Fi network. The VoIP client could file-share the data from the asset's RFID tag, minimizing what a citizen has to do. And if tags had IP addresses, like RuBee tags do, the information could be accessed remotely, saving municipalites the cost of gasoline, wear and tear on city vehicles, and the scheduling of personnel - except when needed.

March 14, 2007

RFID Gazette - Wed Mar 14, 2007

Managing Portable Toilets With RFID
Many thousands of portable toilets across Europe will have their maintenance scheduled more reliably using low-frequency RFID tags. [via RFID Journal]

VeriChip Still Pushing Implants?
Despite VeriChip's poor showing post-IPO recently (due mostly to doubt about the market for RFID implants), their VeriMed Patient Identification System seems to have created a bit of a buzz at the Atlanta Diabetes Expo. The system requires an implant chip, and is supposed to help health professionals, if a patient arrives at hospital and cannot communicate. For some reason, VeriChip seems to always suggest that a bracelet or badge of some sort wouldn't be durable enough.

Intel Goes UHF
Intel, the world's largest manufacturer of computer processor chips, released their first UHF transceiver chip, the R1000, recently. [via RFID Blog] The chip has attracted attention from several companies. Alien Technology, who plan to use the R1000 in new RFID readers, as well as CAEN and ThingMagic, a startup funded by Cisco and MIT. Intel's chip is expected to usher in lower RFID reader prices.

February 27, 2007

Designer RFID Chips For Luggage?

With several thousand pieces of luggage going lost at airports daily, RFID chips sound like an ideal way to reduce the chances of loss. RFID Ltd. is introducing a set of RFID-enabled designer luggage tags for high-end bags from Chanel, Dior, Gucci and others. The tags will vary in color and grain to match the bags they're used with.

The tags are in production now. However, RFID Ltd. has to convince airports to adopt the associated BagChip RFID system,which would include readers from Alien or Symbol. Hopefully, RFID Ltd and others will similarly serve the rest of us who are not part of the jet set crowd and don't buy designer bags.

RFID Roundup - Tues Feb 27, 2007

Big In Japan
McDonald's restaraunts in Japan will allow customers, later this year, to pay for purchases using NFC-enabled mobile phones. (Nokia is one company that has already rolled out NFC phones to be used for payments.)

Hyundai Adopts RFID
Hyundai-Kia Motors is implementing RFID in their Supply Chain to collect real-time distribution information. They are moving from applied bar code labels. They'll be using UPM Raflatac tags.

Dallas Newspaper To Use RFID
The Dallas Morning News will be the first newsaper to use the RFID-enabled Smart Cart system from Cannon Equipment. The system helps to track cart shipments.

January 01, 2007

RFID Roundup - Mon Jan 01, 2007

RFID In China
China's RFID market reached nearly 800M (about US$100M) Renminbi in Q3 2006 and increase of 30% over Q3 2005.

Managing Patient Records
Advanced Pain Management (APM), a clinic in Wisconsin state, is using RFID tech from Alien Technology and Symbol Technologies (Motorola) to manage the records of 50,000 patients. The legacy system involved medical assistants driving records back and forth between a central location and 28 other satellite offices on a daily basis. The middleware, SmartInstrument, is from Reltronics. The entire solution, hardware, software and integration, is US$5,000, and was integrated into APM's ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system.

Gutter Think: RFID In The Sewers
Warendorf, a German city, is using RFID technology to maintain its 127 miles of seweres. Their system, which is tied in the city's GIS (Geographic Information System), tracks maintenance checks and allows workers to not have to use pen and paper. The result is more accurately recorded maintenance data. [via RFID Journal]

December 30, 2006

RFID For Predictive Maintenance

For the most part, many industries such as aerospace fix things when they need fixing (beyond any scheduled maintenance). That's mostly out of a lack of options. However, RFID's use in MRO (maintenance, repair and overhaul) is growing, and the technology can be used for predictive maintenance. This means that costly, even deadly, maintenance problems can be caught before they happen, simply by allowing easier data collection of maintenance checks and equipment status. Boeing is employing RFID in a similar fashion on their new 787 Dreamliners, each of which will have around 2,000 high-memory passive tags.

Nortel Adding RFID To Wireless Services

Nortel, the telecom equipment maker, is making it easier for wireless ISPs (Internet Service Providers), to offer RFID-based services. Nortel offers a municipal wireless platform, and now plans to enhance this with solutions for RFID applications. An example use might be for a municipal fleet management (cars, trucks, school buses, small aircraft?), monitored through RFID tags integrated with GPS receivers.

This could be where the ROI for municipal networks comes in. Municipal networks either have to be paid for by taxes, subscriptions, or advertising - or some combo. If RFID-based services could produce a return on investment, the savings could subsidize part of the infrastructure costs.

Nortel's Municipal Wireless Solutions combines a number of technologies including Wi-Fi, wireless mesh and WiMax.

December 23, 2006

Nokia RFID Phones To Monitor Security Guards

Here's watching the detectives. Well, security guards at any rate. (Anyone else remember that old British TV show, which pseudo-nebbish angry young intellectual punk Elvis Costello immortalized in his 1970s new-wave song Watching The Detectives?) It seems Nokia   feels the need to watch their secruity guards, so they're issuing them RFID phones to  keep track of assigned work within some of their US premises.

Each Nokia handset has an embedded 13.56 MHz RFID tag and a reader. As soon as a guard enters the work premises, s/he waves an RFID-enabled employee id in front of the provided Nokia handset. This enables guards to log their in-time/ out-time.

The phone is carried in the open position while guards patrol the Nokia premises. This allows the embedded reader to pick up information in RFID tags installed at various locations on the premises, which will stand as a record of the posts the guard has supervised on that day.

At the end of the work shift, the handset is closed and data on the phone's RFID tag is transferred via the cellular network to a web-based application termed the Service Manager. Supervisors can retrieve the records in the Service Manager to get information about any guard's assigned and actual work.

RFIDJournal  reports:

The RFID system has been in use for just four months at Nokia's U.S. facilities in Atlanta, Dallas, New York and Seattle. Thus far [...] ithas collected well over 5,000 reads on the guards' activities.

Nokia, who not long ago bought RFID manufacturer Symbol Technologies, is pushing the technology into other applications, including a collaboration with JCDecaux  Finland. The latter provides billboards and other marketing materials. Nokia RFID-enabled phones will be used to track the installation and removal of billboards and posters.

[UPDATE: It was Motorola, not Nokia, that bought Symbol. Apologies for the error.]

December 05, 2006

Avery Dennison And RFID In China

Avery Dennison, who have put around US$175M into all Chinese operations since 1995, recently announced RFID technology transfer initiatives in that country, with total expenditures to total over $275M by 2010. Previous efforts include setting up the Avery Dennison Self Adhesive Label Converting College in Kunshan, China, in 2000. Imagine that school name on college jackets.

Avery Dennison created their RFID division in 2004, adding RFID systems, Gen2 inlays and wireless compact flash cards amongst their offerings. They later implemented a Qualified Converter program to certify partner companies. With their their Chinese RFID initiative, they are hoping to capture some of the 5.0+ Bln Yuan expected to be spent in China on RFID by 2009.

additional sources: China RFID News.

November 23, 2006

RFID Roundup - Thur Nov 23/06

RFID In The Beef Industry
A Canadian beef producer is using RFID to track product through their processing plant. The intent is to be able to any part of any butchered animal, should the Canadian Food Inspection Agency wish it. The system they are using, which has both supply chain and cold chain management features, was designed and installed by Merit-Trax Technologies and Psion Teklogix. [via RFID Journal]

MicroTRAKgps JaguarWatch
The classic Jaguar automobile is one of those commands a high-price, whether sold legitimately or on the "street". To prevent the latter, MicroTRAKgps has introduced its JaguarWatch Auto Theft Recovery System. MicroTRAKgps is a division of The Tracking Corporation, who make GPS and RFID
products. MicroTRAKgps was awarded a patent for their hybrid technology. Jaguar cargo containers are also tracked with hybrid RFID and GPS tech from Savi Networks.

RFID Is Red Hot: Top 10 Countries
IDTechEx has reported their findings about the top 10 hot countries for RFID. Number 1 is the US, in terms of adoption of the technology, followed by the UK, Japan, German, China. Canada is the last of the top 10.

November 18, 2006

RTLS: RFID For Personnel Safety

Contractors and employees for Occidental Petroleum will be receiving dual-active RFID identity badges that are part of an RTLS (Real-Time Location System). The badges, issued to 2,700 personnel, would be used in a closed system of 75 sq miles as a means to determine where workers are in the event of an emergency. [PRNewswire via Yahoo Biz]

The RTLS market is split in two categories: 802.11 Wi-Fi components and unlicensed spectrum.  Some other environments for RTLS applications include correctional facilities, mines, and theme parks. The market is budding and expected to have a 30% yearly growth up through 2011, with companies like Ekahau recently receiving US16M in funding.

November 17, 2006

McMaster University Gets RFID Lab

McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, an institution known for several top-notch programs including medicine, recently announced the creation of the McMaster RFID Applications Lab (MRAL), to be situated in the McMaster Innovation Park in Hamilton. It's said to be the only one of its kind in Canada. An equipment management system for hospitals will be one of their first projects, to be jointly developed with Hamilton Health Sciences. MRAL itself is being supported by several companies and organizations including EPCglobal Canada, Hewlettt-Packard, Sun Microsystems, RF Code and others. [via EurekAlert]

There are so few academic RFID labs in North America, so this is excellent news for academic development of radio frequency technologies. Hopefully it will lead to an RFID study program at McMaster. As I've said many times previously, industry has to get involved and even approach universities and colleges to build more labs, offer degree courses. The predicted worldwide market for RFID for 2016 may be US$26B, but not if there are not enough qualified workers.

November 16, 2006

RFID Roundup - Thur Nov 16/06

Railway Sees RFID Return
Canadian National Railway (CN) moved to [RFID Journal] an RFID-based chassis-rental system for their trailers last year and have already seen a return of Cdn$500,000 as a result. Traffic at their cargo-container storage area has also reduced as a result, by allowing the efficient transfer of cargo containers to the appropriate chassis.

Open Standard Pet Microchip Reader Project
MaxMicrochip.com has a detailed, step-by-step tutorial, complete with pictures and screenshots, on building a pet id microchip reader to read all types of these chips. The project consists of parts that can be purchased at Radio Shack/ The Source, and doesn't even require a soldering iron.

RFID Door Locks
Coolest Gadgets has some pictures of a very slick looking RFID door lock. The lock has the option of a numeric keypad for PIN-based access as well as contactless key fobs, cards, and tags. Of course, you could also have a chip implanted in your hand.

November 05, 2006

RTLS Firm Gets Funding

Real-time location systems (RTLS) company Ekahau announced US$16M in financing earlier in the week. Only $12M is from Series B venture capital. The company's systems work over Wi-Fi networks. The funding would go towards the development of new products. [via RFID Update]

Earlier this year, Ekahau launched a 3G Wi-Fi tag for use in healthcare and other applications. The RTLS market is expected to grow past US$1.6B by 2010. RTLS systems fall into Wi-Fi-based and spectrum-based unlicensed categories. Common applications of RTLS systems are patient monitoring in hospitals and high-value asset tracking.

October 26, 2006

More Bookstores Using RFID

A number of bookstores in Europe are following the lead of libraries in an effort to tag their books to manage their supply chain and assets. While the core functionality is the same, bookstores have a slightly different purpose for tagging than libraries. The Dutch bookstore chain BGN recently started tagging their books and expect their return on investment to manifest in only 14 months.

Selexyz, the largest bookseller in the Netherlands, is doing the same thing, with the intent to control their restocking efforts and reduce labor costs. They've found that their special kiosks that allow customers to perform natural language searches for books has resulted in a 50% increase in sales. Accuracy in their processes has been 100%, except where manual processes are still being used.

Because of this success of this RFID project, they plan to follow suit in all of their stores by year-end 2007. Since big bookstores came into existence, they've not only cut earnings for the average author but also for themselves and publishers. If RFID can reduce costs for book chains, almost everyone in the loop wins (except any employees displaced as a result).

October 25, 2006

Radio-Tagging Badgers

Studying animal populations is usually the domain of statisticians and wildlife researchers, but a group of computer scientists have received funding for a three-year project to tag badgers, monitor them, and study their populations. All to test out a new technology called MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems). MEMS tech also incorporates RFID tags, which are then monitored by a sensor network. [via Science Daily]

Radio frequency technology has been used to tag and study "home ranges" of animal population since approximately the 1960s. (A home range, as drawn on a map, is essentially the boundaries of an area where a single animal or a group limits their movement to, over a period of time. Home range monitoring is also an early application of GIS - Geographical Information Systems.) This particular project uses advanced technology and a different methodology for data collection. In other animal applications, RFID has also helped cattle ranchers recover rustled cattle.

RFID Roundup - Wed Oct 25/06

RFID Cannes-Can
A hospital in Cannes, home of the famous French film festival, is using RFID in their laundry operations to manage hospital garments. Over 36,000 garments use TAGSYS tags that can repeatedly withstand water, heat and chemicals. Other hospitals in the area also send their garments to the same laundry. Information in each tag tells laundry staff where the garment came from and how many are in stock, amongst other things. [via PR Web/ Yahoo News] Hospitals are already using radio frequency tags and systems for patient records management and other applications.

Europeans Wary Of RFID
A survey by the European Commission suggests that over of EU (European Union) citizens are strongly in support of de-activating radio frequency tags on consumer goods at the point of purchase. Two-thirds of survey respondents feel there should be more data protection and privacy legislation, especially if RFID use grows in the EU. This is something the Commission will have to take in account, especially since other research shows big potential in Europe for RF technology, despite the narrow band for RFID tech allocated by ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute).

Take The First Step
For those companies not yet using RFID, take some risks and jump in, learn to innovate. For those already using RFID, share your successes in a community fashion. That's the advice from representatives of RFID early-adopter companies like Wal-Mart and Procter & Gamble, speaking at the EPCglobal US's third annual user conference. [via RFID Journal]

October 24, 2006

Please Mr Postman: Deutsche Post Uses RFID

The Deutsche Post is is following Australia Post's lead in using RFID to manage the delivery of postal mail. However, unlike Australia Post, who use tagged test letters in each mailbag, Deutsche Post is using yellow mail trays tagged witih a new type of tag, the D-RFID, where the D probably stands for the ultra-flat/ thin display. The display replaces the old paper barcode labels, aka "info carriers", that carry processing status information. These reusable D-RFID tags would replace the 500 milion or so info carriers that they use each year. The tags have to withstand harsh conditions and last 4-5 years.

The project is still in the test phase and will last until Sept 2008. It involves engineers from several organizations including Deutsche Post AG and Fraunhofer Institute.

[sources: PhysOrg via The RFID Weblog]

October 18, 2006

Through Rain Nor Snow: RFID Goes Postal

You've heard - or even experienced - those stories about mail taking years to be delivered. Well it appears that Australia Post has as well and they're testing the RFID-tagging of mail to help monitor mail and improve postal services. To do this, over 12,000 test letters tagged with RFID are mailed out each month and asset-tracked via a number of RFID-enabled facilities including mail and delivery centres, and mobile units.

The Australian Postal Corporation Act 1989 specifies a rate of 94% for "on-time delivery" of mail. Australia post has achieved 95.6% on domestic mail. The RFID trials are being conducted to

...enhance our ability to monitor our service performance and provide a better analysis of potential problems within our delivery network

according to Australia Post's just-released annual report.

[via ZD Net Australia]

October 17, 2006

TNT Logistics Temperature-Sensitive RFID Tags

Medical equipment and supplies often have to maintain a steady temperature. Any relatively significant changes could be fatal for a patient. TNT Logistics (not to be confused with TNT Express, a sister company) has come up with an RFID system to track the temperature of medical products. Said Steve Stine, TNT Asia life science medical industry director:

An increasing number of medical products must be handled and shipped without getting too hot or too cold. Ensuring the precise temperature management of these shipments is therefore crucial as it is a life and death matter for patients who are tested or treated with these high-value products.

Cold chain management and temperature monitoring is also used for pharmaceutical supplies, amongst other things.

[sources: CRM Buyer]

October 16, 2006

RFID Applications: Shopping Carts

How many times have you seen a shopping cart left abandoned far away from it's rightful place? Personally, I find it annoying when people are too lazy or immature to return them. A prank's a prank, but leaving them around amounts to a sort of pollution. Not to mention, costs owners between $150-200 per cart, if they cannot be recovered. Well, a new tracking system from Intelligentz could stop the cart pranks of drunken college kids. It's kind of a combination RFID application: security and retail, with a bit of consumer use thrown in: asset tracking.

The problem is that there are people, say the elderly, who need the carts to take home their purchases. So the solution that Intelligentz has devised allows carts to be removed from a premises up to a certain distance - in this case a mile - by using long range antennas in light poles in the parking lot. This distance limitation allows management companies to more easily round up carts.

[via RFID Journal]

October 13, 2006

Hong Kong Airport Chooses Intermec

Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) will be using Gen2 RFID tags from Intermec to tag baggage. The airport has already had an RFID baggage sorting system since last year - the first airport in the world to do so. The new tags will be used to enhance the system for the fifth busiest airport in the world. [via Businesswire]

A number of other airports and some airlines are already run baggage tagging trials, both to prevent baggage mishandling and loss, as well as airline disasters. HKIA's system will print out flight and baggage information as barcodes. The same data will be encoded into an Gen2 RFID chip.

October 11, 2006

Boeing Using Item-Level Tagging

What has 4,000,000 parts, has temperature conditions ranging from -40 F (Fahrenheit) to +1200 F, is subject to regular vibrations, and costs US$100M? The Boeing 787 Dreamliner airplane, which uses 2,000 special high-memory passive tags that run about $15-20 apiece, compared to the typical item-level tags of about forty cents. Boeing is using these tags to help in the documentation and maintanence cycle of each plane in this new line. Despite the four million parts, only 2,000 particularly critical parts are being tagged since they are known to be of "low reliability". This includes expensive items like landing gear and hydraulic pumps. [via Storefront Backtalk]

If you didn't notice the math, that's about $30-40,000 in tags alone. Interestingly, they have found that having that many tags on an airplane does not seem to cause any interference with flight equipment. Obviously a good thing to know. Boeing has previously jointly tested RFID with FedEx on MD-10 Freighter planes.

October 05, 2006

RFID Roundup - Thur Oct 05/06

RFID VC Funding: Reva Systems
Reva Systems, based in the state of Massachusetts, USA, just received US$13.5M in venture capital funding from Cisco Systems and SAP Ventures (a division of SAP AG) in a second round of funding. Total VC funds from rounds one and two is $20M. Reva's focus is RFID-related network infrastructure appliances. [via EE Times] Cisco has been investing in a number of RFID companies including AeroScout  and ThingMagic, as well as forming partnerships with T-Systems and others. SAP AG has previously teamed up with Sun Microsystems and Acsis.

Honda To Track Shipments With RFID
HUM (Honda UK Manufacturing) will be using RFID for logistics, to track 250,000 plastic containers and 100,000 metal cages. Intellident will be providing the tracking system. [via TUV]

Mexican University To Use RFID For Asset Management
Mexico's Universidad Regiomontana, an academic institution, will use AXCESS' ActiveTag RFID asset protection system to help prevent theft or loss of computer and other assets. [via PR Newswire]

October 02, 2006

I Am Not A Number - Battery-Powered, RFID-Implanted Human?

In the Sep/Oct 2006 print issue of RFID Journal, Kevin Ashton, co-founder of the Auto-ID Center and author of an upcoming RFID book, has a fascinating "final word" article called The Fear Factor. It reveals some suprising information that I was unaware of, regarding the implanting of RFID chips into humans. For example, Scott McNealy, former CEO of the giant Sun Microsystems (probably best known for their computers and their Java programming language, which powers 3.5 billion devices worldwide), once apparently said something to the effect that after a baby is born, their bottom should be slapped and an RFID chip implanted in their neck/ shoulders, and that that was not Big Brother, just Dad.

Wow. I don't even know how to respond to this. Gloat? See, I told you so?  Satisfaction? Well, this is just proof that there are people who want to do this despicable act, using radio frequency technology in ways it wasn't intended. (Other than Scott Silverman, CEO of VeriChip Corp's parent company.)

Granted, there are already people who have been microchipped, most willingly or even voluntarily. But Ashton's article says that RFID embedded in flesh will have a short read range, and will not even providing the tracking ability that McNealy and others are talking about. Unless active RFID tags are used, but they would require battery changes every few years. Imagine that, he says, having to be cut open to have batteries replaced.

Now what kind of a cyborg would you be if that was the case? But seriously, as I'm sure I've said even 15+ years ago, when I only knew a very little about RFID, imbedding chips into our bodies is not going to stop kidnapping. Which is what Ashton says as well. But most interesting of all is his premise that maybe human beings have a primal fear of surveillance. If that's true, then it just may be why there is such resistance to VeriChip and similar "implant us all" ideas. Let's just hope that resistance is not futile.

September 27, 2006

PDC Demonstrates RFID Cashless Wristband For Waterparks

PDC, Precision Dynamics Corporation, will be promoting their Smart Band RFID Wristband at a waterpark association symposium on Oct 20-21, Orlando, Florida. The wristband is waterproof and can be used both for keyless entry into hotel rooms and lockers, as identification, and for cashless POS payment. Get more details at More RFID. Great Wolf Lodge in Niagara Falls uses RTLS RFID wristbands from MICROS Systems. RTLS (Real Time Location Systems) is an area of growth for RFID.

September 25, 2006

VeriChip VeriTrace RFID System

VeriChip's VeriTrace tracking system is now being used in the Florida Emergency Mortuary Operations Response System (FEMORS) as well as Hawaii's Dept. of Health. The VeriTrace system was used to help identify and track the bodies of victims after Hurrican Katrina. VeriTrace consists of implantable RFID tags, a Bluetooth-based wireless handheld reader, an RFID- and GPS-enabled Ricoh digital camera, and a web-enabled database for data and image collection. [More RFID via RFID Blog] I'll have to admit that it's quite a sophisticated system.

VeriChip has been a controversial company, promoting their implantable RFID chips for use in US soldiers, immigrants/ guest workers, and the chronically ill - basically, it appears, people who may feel they have little choice about being implanted. While there has been resistance to VeriChip and implantable RFID chips in general, the company is said to hold high favor with the Bush administration.

September 15, 2006

RFID Hybrid Tech: Combining GPS For Location Tracking

An US patent has been awarded [Marketwire] to MicroTRAKgps, a subsidiary of The Tracking Corporation, for a hybrid technology that combines RFID and GPS (Global Positioning System). Such technology might the realization of fears that many people have about being tracked with their RFID-tagged box of cereal. However, there are legitimate, non-invasive RTLS (real-time location system) uses including asset tracking and the tracking of livestock, especially cattle, which often roam free and are thus subject to being stolen by rustlers. In fact, the MicroTRAKgps website details how police were able to recover a large spool of wire that had a SlimTRAK portable unit embedded in it.

By the way, for more legitimate uses (and some not so?) read 33 ways RFID has invaded your life for a brilliant overview, both humorous and serious, of radio frequency technology and its effect on us, positive or negative. Gee, I wish I'd written something like that.

September 14, 2006

Brisk Sales of RFID Livestock Tags

RFID tags used to track livestock in the US and Canada already have YTD (year-to-date) 2006 sales that exceed total sales for 2005. [via Agriculture Online] Part of this is likely due to mandates for tracking sick animals. A number of US states have also successfully used RFID to recover stolen cattle, and others are forcing the conversion from metallic or plastic ear tags over to RFID. Finally, there is also an initiative called NAIS (National Animal Identification System), which takes effect in 2009. NAIS would essentially allow the tracking of livestock, including recording details of birth and stopover locations before a butchery.

These measures are also spawning innovations in livestock tags, including TekVet's, which has a temperature sensor to help easily identify sick animals. Future plans include GPS tracking of animals.

September 04, 2006

Aeroscout Wi-Fi-Based Active RFID Tag With Enhanced Features

Aeroscout, Inc., recently announced their enhanced active RFID tag with several features suitable for the healthcare and other industries. Features of the Aeroscout T2 include a temperature monitor and motion sensor. The latter is particularly useful for improving real-time location tracking. The temperature monitor can be used to trigger remote actions if temperature goes above or below a threshold. Some of the livestock tags that other companies offer have a similar functionality.

While Aeroscout has been putting some focus in RTLS (real-time location systems) lately, the T2 can be used for a number of other purposes, possibly for the monitoring of shipping containers at American ports. The fact that the battery provides up to 8 years of power doesn't hurt, either.

Currently, the T2 tag is being used in a number of hospitals around the world, in mines, aerospace manufacturing, and other places. The tag is compatible with Cisco Wi-Fi networks, which is not surprising since Cisco invested in them last November.

[Find more details on the Aeroscout press releases page]

August 31, 2006

Michigan Tags Cattle With RFID

With cattle rustlers able to make as much as $20,000 in one hit, and RFID tags helping cattle ranchers in Texas and Oklahoma recently recover around 5,200 head of cattle, it's not suprising that the State of Michigan has passed a cattle tagging law. Under the new law, which took effect in March 2006, the new electronic ear tags will be the only officially-recognized identification. The US$1 tags will not only help keep track of cattle, but help in monitor diseases by allowing easier segregation of infected animals. Texan and Oklahoman ranchers have recovered millions of dollars worth of cattle because of RFID tags.

While only a tiny percentage of cattle are tagged, interest in tagging livestock in general is growing for a variety of reasons, including preventing the Mad Cow disease scares of a few years ago, as well as other ailments.As such, a number of companies such as TekVet, and ScoringAg are starting to offer livestock-tracking solutions. Warrnambool Livestock Exchange in Australia even uses an RFID system in their trading yard.

So hungry rustlers thwarted in Texas might just want to move to Michigan before all the cattle there are tagged. Look for those head with just the old orange metal tags, instead of the new ear tags.

August 29, 2006

Hacking Your Own RFID System To Reduce Risks

Hackers are usually labelled a disruptive lot, but sometimes they are exactly what you need to test a system. Enter the guys from Pure Hacking, professionals who perform what is called ethical hacking - hacking by permission - to test flaws and find potential security problems. While they cover a number of industries, they are focusing expertise in RFID systems, which have been the subject of much media coverage in relation to security issues. [via RFID Journal]

The Pure Hacking team actually uses a structured auditing process for all their tests, RFID-related or otherwise, and even offer an accredited anti-hacking course (non-RFID specific). I'm making an educated guess and saying that a lot of the techniques used to test software is very applicable to RFID systems. An RFID system may be the sum of its parts, but most especially it's the middleware that drives everything. Thus the many system vulnerabilities likely lie in the latter, in terms of allowing access to data. (I'm focusing on in-house issues, not what happens to a tagged item outside of your company. That's another aspect I'll try to discuss later.)

So if you are considering implementing RFID in your organization, it's important that you understand the data access process, even in broad terms. How do you want tag information to be accessed and updated? Do you need to implement layers of authorization for different roles in the company? Do you want a different layer of data available to the companies you supply parts and goods to? Human workflow is just as important as machine workflow. How do you intend for humans and machines to interact in terms of your RFID system? These are the kinds of questions consultants will ask you, before they even consider RFID solutions for implementation.

I know I'm being a bit vague here, but your company needs will vary by industry. I'll try to get into specific case studies in the future. For now, you can write out your intended workflow details, sketch out rough diagrams, and most certainly make a list of any questions that occur. If you can think of your own "penetration testing" test suite items, jot them down as well. There's a lot to consider here, but assessing your workflow ahead of time, before bringing in any consultants, helps you to be prepared with questions to ask. Knowing potential vulnerabilities ahead of time will help ease you through future hiccups.

August 28, 2006

New Technology Mashups: VoIP and RFID

Here's an interesting mashup of two relatively new technologies, VoIP and RFID. Japanese department store giant Mitsukoshi has set up a system in their dressing rooms that makes use of both technologies in an innovative way, using a special Cisco VoIP/ RFID phone.

Customers use the dressing room phone's reader to scan the clothing item's RFID tag, then use the phone to talk to an employee. The employee can use their Cisco phone, which has a large display, to see what similar items are in stock, retrieve the items, and take them to the correct dressing room.[ Storefront Backtalk via The VoIP Weblog]

Now is this a brilliant use of technology or what? Mitsukoshi is not the only retailer to use RFID tagging, but they're one of the first I've heard of who have combined it with VoIP. Not only does this setup save the retailer lost wages from the employee standing around outside the dressing room, but the customer's happy because the employee is bringing similar items with minimal effort - and probably in the right size.

Of course, there's one huge drawback with the way things are set up: all those grubby hands and ears touching the dressing room phones. Still, this is a novel use of technology, hygiene issues aside, and certainly a scenario where upper-end IP phones with a display panel are worth it to the business.

August 25, 2006

RFID Roundup - Fri Aug 25/06

CPI To Make Wells Fargo Contactless Payment Cards
CPI Card Group will be making the cards for Wells Fargo Bank's Visa Contactless cards. [via Contactless News]

Swedish Miners Tracked With RFID For Safety
Miners working for Swedish mining company LKAB will be tracked with RFID for their safety. The Wtek wearable active RFID tags being used have a range of up to 100 meters. Scanners will be placed at a number of locations. [Ferret via RFID Blog] Wtek is involved in a number of projects that use RFID for safety. A number of other companies, such as AeroScout, are also exploring mine safety RFID applications.

RFID Volume Pricing Nonexistent?
In many industries, buying a company's product in bulk qualifies you for discount pricing. According to an eWeek article, that doesn't appear to be true for RFID. Quantity pricing of tags seems to be all over the place, depending on several factors including sector use, supplier, and country.

August 24, 2006

Milk Cow-Tracking Blues

A new RFID cattle-tracking system is being offered by agri-tech company TekVet. The system monitors livestock temperature individually and uses an IBM-hosted Internet server for access to tagged livestock's health records. TekVet's system is different from other catttle trackers because it uses active tags and has a temperature sensor. The read range of the tags 300-500 feet. [via RFID Journal]

A system known as NAIS (National Animal Identification System) has been devised in the US, the result of a partnership between the NIAA (National Institute for Animal Agriculture) and the NPPC (National Pork Producers Council). The intent is to RFID-tag all livestock animals in the US, then later tracks tags using a GPS (Global Positioning System).

While most people probably consider animal tagging relatively innocuous, some people feel differentlly, as detailed in the award-winning book The Cattle.

August 23, 2006

Persistent VeriChip Wants To RFID-Tag US Soldiers

Not happy with tagging dead bodies in disaster recovery efforts, and babies to supposedly prevent kidnapping, VeriChip Corporation now wants to tag US soldiers. As I've stated before, repeatedly, I despise this company for giving the public the general impression that RFID is an evil technology. It's bad enough that US soldiers in the past have been the subject of drug tests during other wars, but now this intended treatment of them as livestock/ household pets sickens me. Has VeriChip no respect for the brave men and women who serve the country? How could they possibly claim they do?

Given that the intended implantable chips are supposed to replace the "dog tags" that soliders have worn since the early 1900s, VeriChip has yet to give any legitimate reason for their seeming agenda to implant as many living people as they can. Why wearable RFID devices aren't suffcient, I don't know.

While US citizens may generally feel resistance to implantable RFID chips, VeriChip is said to hold strong favor with the current administration. If this implanting comes to pass, there is going to be a political and media frenzy. Consider that Wisconsin and other US states have banned the forced implantation of RFID into humans. What happens when a soldier from one of those states is implanted? As I understand it, State law supplants Federal. This is one of those proverbial slippery slopes.

August 22, 2006

I Am Not A Number - Tracking Australian Prisoners With Wearable RFID Tech

The future Alexander Maconochie Centre prison in Australia is planning to track their inmates using RFID. Once the bidders are selected and the program implemented (and the prison built), prisoners will wear a braclet or anklet. Guards will have a pager. This will supposedly allow prisoners to move around the prison within a certain perimeter without escorts. The prison's open date is early 2008. [via Australian IT]

The RFID equipment will be supplied by Telstra, who are conducting their own RFID pilot project and are looking for both SMBs and enterpises to participate. A number of state prisons, including Ohio and California, in the US are already tracking prisoners with RFID. There are also rumors that a European (Nordic) country implanted RFID chips into prisoners against their will.

Without diving deep into conspiracy theory, I'll say that history has shown that prisoners are often the subject of secret experiments sanctioned by government. I live in a town where one US intelligence agency conducted secret shock therapy treatments on prisoners. This wasn't revealed until many decades later. I'm hoping that prisons will stick with the wearable RFID devices that a growing list of manufacturers are making.

Mississippi Blood Services RFID Trial

Mississippi Blood Services is using RFID for inventory management and other purposes. The organization recently completed a trial run, using equipment from Texas Instruments,as a test to replace their current manual procedure of scanning bar codes on blood bags while under sub-freezing temperatures. [via RFID Solutions Online, Mississippi Business Journal]

The manual procedure puts a bag of blood through three steps that could take hours before the bag ships. So RFID is a boon in this scenario, automating the procedure, saving time, and reducing the chances that the blood is unusable. The MBS indicates that despite the reduction in labor, jobs are not being cut back.

MBS is not the first healthcare-related organization to use RFID for tracking blood. The Saarbruecken Clinic in Germany and the Ospedale Maggiore in Bologna, Italy are doing so as well. Such a use of RFID should be widespread, and might help prevent  future nightmare situations like the tainted blood scandal that Canadian Red Cross went through not so long ago.

August 10, 2006

RFID Roundup - Thur Aug 10/06

PricewaterhouseCoopers is using AXCESS' RFID-enabled RTLS (Real Time Location System) ActiveTag(tm) asset management system in their Mexico City office to track valuable equipment such as laptops and other portable items. The ActiveTag system will help them reduce losses and thefts by notifying the tracking system when an asset has been moved outside of a particular zone.

Smart Medical Technologies is now offering a line of RFID-embedded medical laboratory equipment including cryo-vials, test tubes, patient wristbands, blood and IV bags, and more. Each item has an accompanying read/write device to passively power the RFID chip. The equipment is in compliance with the HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act). [via Smart Medical Technologies press release]

A Wal-Mart beverage provider has selected Xterprise's XARM RFID tagging solution for their products. The system will be used in production line packaging. [via RFID Solutions Online]

The Spanish Armed Forces (SAF) are now using the RFID-enabled Savi Consignment Management Solution (CMS) from Savi Technology (part of Lockheed Martin Corp). The system now makes them compatible with NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation), allowing joint management and tracking of supply chain assets.

August 09, 2006

RFID Roundup - Wed Aug 09/06

Wittmann UK is now offering an RFID-enabled EOAT (end-of-arm-tooling) recognition system for use with their R7 automation and plastics materials handling robot. [via PRW] Each bit of tooling has a uniquely-numbered RFID transponder. Each robot has an RFID reader. This combination allows the system to tell the robot what tooling sequence to run, in each instance, without a human operator.

RFID Update is offering a three-part series on RFID middleware and various integration options. In a nutshell, middleware filters and formats tag data captured by a reader, then passes it on to the backend RFID software application for processing. This middleware could be present on a reader, or be standalone software. [via RFID Update]

Even the cosmetics industry is exploring RFID, due to the pressure from giant retailers such as Wal-Mart, Target and Metro. [via Cosmetics Design]

IDTechEx says that item-level tagging is the prosperous market for RFID from 2007-2016. It's expected that sales will increase from US$160M in 2006 to US$13 Billion in 2016. [via IDTechEx]

Ohio University's Center for Automatic Identification is getting an RTLS (Real-Time Location and Sensor) display showcasing RFID technology. [via RFID Solutions Online]

August 07, 2006

RFID Roundup - Mon Aug 07/06

To get the public more acquainted with RFID in the supply chain, the technology is being demonstrated in an interactive learning exhibit at the Retail Technology Expo in Melbourne, Australia, from Sep 19-21, 2006. [via Ferret]

The Pathfinder group of companies in New Zealand is running an RFID trial, at both both pallet- and case-level, to test their supply chain. If the trials are successful, that bodes well, as Prime Minister Helen Clark feels that 2007 see NZ exporting a lot of goods, many of which will need to be tagged. Previous RFID trials in NZ were fairly restricted, but the variety of applications is increasing. [via Stuff]

It might suprise you to know that JP Morgan Chase in the USA has already released around seven million RFID-enabled contacless smartcards for banking and payment. Chase recently released first-year statistics show some benefits of use for the smartcards for consumers, but retailers stand to benefit even more. [via Storefront Backtalk]

While the auto industry used RFID tags as far back as twenty years ago, and in a more widespread fashion about fifteen years ago, RFID-enabled cars can be stolen. Some of the methods used include disabling the RFID reader by removing a fuse, or a variety of brute force techniques. And unfortunately, even a former police officer whose SUV was stolen and vandalized was accused of lying because the thieves hadn't damaged his RFID transponder.  [via The RFID Weblog]

July 31, 2006

RFID Roundup #4 - Military, Government, Enivronmental Uses

A study on polar bears in Alaska, by members of the USGS (US Geological Survey) shows that some types of RFID tags can be read from as far away as 1500 feet, while the reader is in motion (in this case, a helicopter). In terms of savings, the RFID ear tags cost US$35 and the battery lasts five years. Compare this to the older satellite radio collars at US$4,000, with batteries only lasting two years. Obviously, the radio collars can be tracked at a greater distance.

While the RFID Journal article linked above does not mention it, researchers have noticed recent cases of cannibalism in polar bears in the Arctic - something that is previously undocumented.

The Defense Appropriations Act for fiscal 2007 has had a total of $17 million added for projects either directly or indirectly related toRFID. [via RFID Law Blog]

The state of Ohio has followed in the footsteps of the state of Wisconsin in barring the forced implantation of RFID chips into people.The state is, however, using RFID-enabled wristbands on state prisoners. [via RFID Blog]

Psion Teklogix has gained a US$1.8 mln contract from the DoD. [via RFID News]

The German government is considering using RFID tags for more major public events, after the success of the massive RFID trial at the FIFAWorld Cup soccer event. [via Heise Online]

July 28, 2006

RFID Roundup #2

State lawmakers are not so sure of the benefits of RFID, given the perception people have of the technology. California state Sen. Joe Simitian is of that opinion, and wants to proceed with caution. He's one of several senators and lawmakers who have become aware of the divide of opinion about the use of RFID and are not sure how to proceed.

Mattel, the toymaker, is launching a kids gaming system called Hyperscan that combines CD-ROM content with RFID-enabled card games. Current offerings include a game base on Marvel's X-Men superheroes.

The UK's RAF (Royal Air Force) is conducting a year-long proof-of-concept trial of RFID on their Harrier jets. The plan to use the tags to help in expediting maintenance, particularly to track equipment across various zones. SourceQinetiQ [via The IT Shield]

A recent IDTechEx report indicates that RFID system sales will increase worldwide from US$550 mln to nearly $7 bln over the next decade. Much of the growth will be in "disposable RFID sensors."

Apparently, privacy advocate Katherine Albrecht has been relatively successful with her Spychips book(s) and campaign to make RFID less intrusive on personal privacy. Her actions have generally raised awareness and compelled RFID chip makers to implement better security features in newer systems.

July 26, 2006

Another Sport Turns To RFID

RFID Journal reported recently that NASCAR changed the rules for tire use by teams participating in events, and would be using RFID to track tires. Previously, teams purchased their own tires (one approved brand). Now, teams are required to lease tires and return them at the end of the race, in whatever state that they are in.

The reason for the rule change has to do with NASCAR's perception of an unfair competitive advantage. (Wealthier teams purchased extra tires for a race.) The approved NASCAR brand is Goodyear, who are now using RFID tags in the full-life cycle process of each tire, from manufacturing through distribution. NASCAR then uses those chips for the tire leasing program.

The RFID Journal article states that the trial run shows that tags held up under the extreme conditions of a race, including intense heat generated by car speeds of up to 200 mph.

Other sports employing RFID in some manner include golf and soccer. The recent FIFA World Cup soccer event in Germany held one of the largest trials of RFID, tagging approximately 5 million admittance tickets.

What is ZigBee's Relationship to RFID?

[Updated July 27th] If you've watched Star Trek, you're familiar with some of the technological features, particularly crew member location. Someone asks the computer for the location of a certain crew member, and the computer queries their badge, then responds. Well thanks to ZigBee, that ability is now close to reality. At least the location-tracking ability, if not the the voice-operated ability.

ZigBee is a wireless protocol built upon IEEE 802.15.4 and is related to several other wireless protocols. It's particularly useful for setting up WPANs (Wireless Personal Area Networks) of SEDs (Service Enabled Devices). Essentially, Zigbee allows enabled "appliances" to talk to each other, regardless of manufacturer. This has many uses in RFID applications.

The ZigBee protocol provides a low-speed, low-power communication for devices that need to communicate wirelessly within a 10-meter (33-foot) range (i.e., a WPAN). WPAN clusters can be connected together to extend that range.

There are three frequencies that provide different bit transfer rates. The most commonly used frequency is 2.4 Ghz, which provides 250 kbps (kilobits per second). Other shorter-wave frequencies offer lower transfer rates. This protocol allows communication with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and other wireless networks as well.

ZigBee is not an alternative for RFID, but is rather a network platform, enabling RFID devices to communicate with each other as well as other networked devices.

This ability of ZigBee is being demonstrated at Saint Luke's East-Lee's Summit Hospital in Lee's Summit, Missouri, part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. The trials there allow hospital staff to locate patients wearing RFID-enabled badges. RFID readers query for badges, and if any are present, transmit signals over the ZigBee WPAN network. The system has allowed doctors, nurses, and other staff to find patients, on different floors, with a high degree of accuracy.

These results bode well. Besides closed systems such as unwired hospitals, a similar  RFID + ZigBee setup could be used by miners or any environment where the safety of individuals is enhanced by non-intrusive tracking methods.

Additional sources:  [Expert Answer Center, IEEE WPAN projects, Network World]

Note: As per RFBase's comment below, this is a correction. The ZigBee capabilities demonstrated at St Luke's Hospital consists of the RFID tags inside patient badges querying for RF transceivers and communicating via ZigBee. There are no RFID readers, per se, and thus these do not communicate over a WPAN network, as indicated above.

Apologies for the error. Thanks to RFBase for the heads up.

July 25, 2006

3M Scores a Triple-play With US Govt RFID Contracts

The DHS (Department of Homeland Security) may be unsure how they want to use RFID, but other branches of the US government are not. As such, 3M Corporation (NYSE: MMM) has secured their 3rd RFID contract from an US government agency in as many weeks.

The latest contract is from the US military, to track medical records of over 150,000 personnel. This contract is for three years and just under $4 million. Last week, 3M received a contract from the US Tax Court to use RFID to track over 100,000 case files. Prior to that, 3M's file-tracking solution was purchased by the US Tax Division.

The file-tracking solution works on paper-based files, which produces all kinds of data management problems - such as misplaced files and inefficiencies in retrieval. Such a system could presumably be used in any practice which requires the use of paper files. For example, attorney's offices, some of which have purchased 3M's solution.

3M's shares have been on general upward trend since about 1982, with a bit more volatility in the past year. With this triple play in the government sector, this may open up loads of opportunities for 3M in law enforcement, law offices, hospitals and more. Such moves on the part of the government also give a boost to the perception that RFID can be used in legitimate ways.

Additional sources: [via RFID Update, RFID Update daily e-newsletter, RFID Lowdown]

I Am Not A Number - Soccer Players Being Implanted With RFID?

With the RFID trials at Germany's World Cup soccer event a great success, RFID is being considered for many more uses in soccer, and sports in general. In the recent past, this has included chipping soccer balls for a more reliable way to settle goal disputes and fouls. Another RFID application being considered is player security.

Soccer/ football fans take note: I have nothing against soccer. In fact, the great Pele, who played for the New York Cosmos was my fave player before he was a Cosmo. His graceful acrobatics were breathtaking and unequalled. In my opinion, there's been no one like him. And then there's gut-bustingly funny Monty Python soccer sketch (embedded video page).

But there's something about the sport that induces insanity in some of its fans, to an extreme level. It's not just the stadium riots, which apparently are only equalled by opera and The Who fans. Suppposedly, footballers are being kidnapped in South America. So England's Manchester United soccer team's management is considering implanting RFID tags in their star players.

Can you imagine the contract wording? Well, at least team management can't use RFID to make sure you're not an SUV-driving, pr0n-watching, mstrbating Minnesota Timberwolves basketball player.

July 24, 2006

Database of RFID Case Studies

IdTechEx is keeping a database of RFID applications [via Logistics Today] and trials from around the world. Here are a few salient points from the database, at the time of this writing.

(a) There are over 2000 case studies involving over 220 companies in 76 countries. Over three 300 of those studies were conducted or started between January and July 2006.

(b) The top 5 application areas were as follows:

(1) [410 cases] Retail, consumer goods.
(2) [352] Financial, security, safety.
(3) [292] Passenger transport, automotive.
(4) [236] Leisure, sports.
(5) [191] Land and sea logistics, postal.

I would have though that there'd be more applications in Healthcare [161 cases] or Manufacturing [152] studies. Thankfully, there is no "cyborg" area of study. Unless that's under Military [42 cases]. (In terms of national security, what I think would be interesting to track is how many of the countries participating in RFID studies are actually part of the United Nations.)

The case studies are not free, costing US$750 (€600) for one application area, or US$2800 (€2250) for all areas, for one year of access. Still, there is a substantial amount of information on the public pages, as well as sample reports for download.

July 20, 2006

RFID - I've Got You Under My Skin

I Am Not A Number - Part #Who's Counting

[With apologies to Frank "Ol' Blue Eyes" Sinatra] Legislation in Wisconsin and other states against the forced implantation of RFID chips in humans hasn't stopped projects like Hackensack University Medical Center's 2-year voluntary RFID implant trials in New Jersey.

The study is being paid for by an insurance company, and they're looking for 300 volunteers, preferably with chronic conditions. Per-person costs are about $80/m and $200 for RFID chips, although there is no indication that volunteers get compensated. The idea is to determine if the implants reduce health care costs by eliminating misdiagnoses, etc.

VeriChip Corp, a company seemingly pushing for subcutaneous RFID implants in as many people as possible, is supplying chips and readers to 100 hospitals across the US, including Hackensack. VeriChip Corp are the company whose parent company's CEO, Scott Silverman, suggested that VeriChip RFID tags be used to track immigrants, guest workers, and illegal workers. They also have an "infant protection solution" which involves implanting an RFID chip in babies. Currently, their chips are being used in the identification of the deceased around Mississipi, from the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Silverman has publicly claimed he would get an RFID implant himself but indications are that he has yet to do so.

Given that other hospital studies are using RFID-enabled, durable bracelets, these RFID implant studies rarely give a certifiably valid reason for implantation. The reasons given are flawed, in my scientifically-backed opinion, and that of many others who don't want to be turned into a number. If you haven't figured it out from my previous ramblings, the scientist in me loves the concept of RFID and has much hope for RFID and its applications. But I wildly oppose the use of RFID implantation. So when VeriChip goes IPO soon, I'll be buying as many shares as possible :)

July 12, 2006

Rethinking Data Flow For RFID Deployment

One of the common complaints about RFID, from companies considering its use on their products, is that item-level RFID tags significantly bump up the cost of tracking product. With the conventional barcode, one code typically sufficed for all items of a specific product. With item-level RFID, every single item has to be treated distinctly from its siblings on a store shelf, or what have you.

So if you have 1000 items to send out to a distributor, your cost of manufacturing and shipping goes up by 1000 times the cost of an item level tag, not to mention the cost of pallet- and case-level RFID tags. As well, each item's RFID tag has to be programmed with a unique code in the manufacturer's database. In this case, that's 1000 RFID codes instead of one barcode.

Imagine if you manufactured millions of items per year. This forces an overhaul in a manufacturer's product database and in system software (data collection, querying, reporting). In other words, more costs to an RFID deployment project, when barcoding works well enough for most manufacturers. (Keep in mind that, often, its the distributors that want to track items.)

At item-level RFID tags running around 40 cents, it's not always financially feasible to use them for low-ticket items. Pallet- and case-level tags tend to not only be cheaper, but there's obviously less of them required for a shipment.

But the prices of item-level tags will go down. According to an article at Sterling Hoffman, Alien Technology announced a sub-ten cent passive RF chip at some point in the recent past. In fact, a Google search suggests the truth of the claim, but the linked URL does not exist on Alien's website. There is, however, a press release for a 12.9 cent EPC Class 1 chip. Still, RFID Times suggests that sub-five cent RFID tags will become commonplace, although probably not until 2013.

I don't doubt that the sub-ten cent barrier will be cracked, and likely well before 2013. It also helps that companies like Gillette recently ordered 500 mln chips. Evan Schuman at Storefront Talkback writes that 200 mln item-level tags will be sold this year out of a total of 1.3 bln RFID tags, followed by 2.2 bln next year. Procter & Gamble (new owners of Gillette - way to corner the razor market) is also conducting two RFID tests on their Fusion five-blade razors. (Which may explain why the darn things cost so much, and why I shave once a week now lol.)

These kinds of large orders will eventually bring the price of all types of RFID tags down. Unfortunately, most small vendors cannot currently afford to use item-level tags. This financial limitation hampers initiatives such as Wal-mart's plan to have all vendors eventually supply all their products complete with item-level RFID tags.

Alternatives being looked into included both "light-based" tags as well chip-less tags that created from thin-film transistor circuits and other means. Of course, there's always the option of combining RFID with barcoding, but that wouldn't let P&G know how many times a week I'm shaving.

July 11, 2006

I Am Not A Number - RFID Use In Disaster Recovery

M.L. Baker of eWeek thinks that the Feds should back the use of RFID tags on human remains during disaster recovery. (Links below) While her reasoning makes sense scientifically, based on her explanation, when she mentions that VeriChip Corp donated RFID chips "to help identify human remains," I suddenly feel cautious.

Scott Silverman, CEO of Applied Digital, the parent company of VeriChip Corp, caused a ruckus recently when he offered VeriChip's RFID tags as a solution for identifying migrant workers and illegal immigrants in the United States. It may not not sound so bad, especially to those who want some way of making sure that visitors don't overstay their welcome.

However, Silverman's solution is to implant these chips into their bodies, usually in the web of flesh between thumb and forefinger - the way a number of people have done voluntarily. These are similar to the RFID chips that are implanted into household pets. But despite the DHS's (Department of Homeland Security) current opposition to the implanting of RFID chips into humans, VeriChip has already done this to 2,500 people, apparently with federal approval.

In fact, probably due to this exprience, VeriChip has already been involved with the di