November 23, 2006

Does Wal-Mart Have Scale Advantages For RFID?

Imagine you are in a group of tired, chained beasts pulling a wagon and being whipped if you stop. That's what I imagine some suppliers to Wal-Mart, the US DoD (Dept of Defense), and other influential organizations may feel regarding RFID mandates. The latter organizations are seeing (or claiming) a high ROI (return on investment) on RFID implementation, the suppliers they have mandated to join the RFID club have not seen similar returns.

It's easy to say suppliers see no incentive for implementing the technology, but no doubt some of them feel that they might as well go out of business if they don't accomodate retail giants such as Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart has also indicated that, aside from helping prepare their suppliers to be compliant, companies have to find their own ROI in RFID. Which I think might be part of the problem of adoption.

As I haven't seen the balance sheets for any of these companies, I'm hypothesizing. Wal-Mart may have an "economies of scale" advantage over their suppliers in terms of cost of radio frequency technology. Though I'll admit I'm not sure whether Wal-Mart sources RFID technology for their suppliers, but I doubt it. That would mean, then, that suppliers pay higher prices for the same technology and likely cannot have the same type of ROI.

Even if Wal-Mart had a "Sam's Club" for RF tech for their suppliers, the latter are still at a disadvantage because implementing radio frequency technology cuts into heavily into the bottom line of smallest suppliers, who are already supply on slim margins for the bargain atmosphere of Wal-Mart. Where's the ROI in this scenario? Such a cost means bottlenecks in implementation.

November 05, 2006

RFID Roundup - Sun Nov 5/06

RFID In Europe: Mood For EPC + Gen2 UHF Tech Improving
New UHF readers that work with new ETSI radio frequency regulations means that European companies are now more interested in EPCglobal's EPC (Electronic Product Code) RFID standard. Since the Gen 2 UHF protocol was introduced, ETSI has relaxed their regulations a bit to provide a wider frequency spectrum, amongst other things. And as a few companies rollout projects, those create interest in other companies. [via RFID Journal]

Another RFID Company Lays Off Staff
A Spychips article suggests that no one is "buying" Checkpoint Systems' plan to put RFID chips in clothing and shoes, and as a result of low systems sales, they are laying off people. They are still planning to sell their products including library inventory-management systems. Late last year, Checkpoint's BCS (Bar Code Systems) businesses were acquired by SATO.

Military + Aerospace RFID Use Growing
ABI Research has a new report on the military and aerospace use of RFID, a market that is expected to reach US$2B by 2011. Part of this market will be due to RF tech use in maintenance and repair applications. [ABI Research via EE Times]

November 02, 2006

RFID + Govt: Please Tell Us What We Want To Hear

Stop me if this sounds familiar. According to Wired, the US DHS (Dept of Homeland Security) requested a study on RFID privacy issues from an outside privacy and security committee. When the committee concluded that chips not be used in any documents that served as identification, especially if the chips could be read from a distance, the study got stuck in draft mode. It wasn't what the DHS and other government agencies wanted to hear, but they could at least pretend due diligence. (Though a DHS spokesman indicates that the draft report is on their website.)

And as you probably already know, e-Passports and other border-crossing documents and id cards that use radio frequency technology are already being issued. This is despite evidence from security experts from the USA and Europe showing that e-Passport data can be skimmed from a distance with unauthorized readers and potentially used for malicious purposes - sometimes after the data has been cloned onto another chip.

The US State Dept plans to issue ID cards for American citizens visiting Canada, Mexico, and Bermuda that can be read at 20 feet. That gives an area of Pi x 20 x 20 =~ 120 square feet within which an authorized reader can skim data.

All these sub-initiatives, such as PASS and WHTI, are all related to the REAL-ID act. If the government is going to press on with their initiatives, in the face of evidence of security flaws and privacy risks, then you should do what I've recommended before: invest in the appropriate RFID companies. Instead of complaining about it and then doing nothing, if you're concerned, go out and get voting shares of a few select companies. RF tech use is only going to increase, and that includes government use, good or bad.

October 24, 2006

Hot RFID Career Opportunities

With a predicted shortage in skilled workers for the RFID industry, the number of study programs in colleges and universities are growing. There are also companies like OTA Training, who offer both in-person workshops and classes, as well as e-learning programs. Then there's RFID Recruiters, a company that finds and places business and technical professionals with RFID knowledge/ skills.

They list some of the hot areas for career opportunties on their getting started page: supply chain project management, sales management, RFID tag product management/ marketing, tag design management, middleware business development, channel managers, pharmaceutical smart label sales, print-and-apply technicians. In their actual opportunities listings page, there are over 50 (at the time of writing) executive, sales and technical positions listed.

RFID Recruiters also suggests there will be a growing need for scientists and technicians, since there will be a need to design and test all the new RFID tags with sensor abilities - temperature, humidity, shock and vibration, light. And since the tags of the future will be "very small computers that happen to have a built-in wireless networking capability", there's a need for people with computer networking architecture and management skills. (A geeky aside: Star Trek-like "sensor" mesh networks might even be built in the future, with such RFID tags as the core component. And it'll take some incredible neural network programming skills to have them function correctly.)

Essentially, the whole RFID industry is waiting to boom. All it needs are more skilled workers. To those interested, RFID Recruiters suggests studying the Wal-Mart and DoD mandates, their suppliers, and the equipment/ middleware/ software providers to those suppliers - since Wal-Mart and DoD are driving some of the largest RFID projects.

October 22, 2006

RFID Roundup - Sunday Oct 22/06

Bell Canada Sponsors RFID Journal LIVE! Canada
Bell Canada has agreed to be the cornerstone sponsor for the first annual RFID Journal LIVE! Canada conference and exhibition. The event takes place November 8-9, 2006, in Toronto, Canada. The event features a number of highly-placed executives from various large Canadian retailers and other businesses.

US Dept of Defense Sets The Tone For RFID
With the US DoD just completing their RFID network last month, it's expected that more supply chains will follow suit. New software and hardware products [Extreme RFID] are coming out in anticipation of the need. The US Military also has spent the most [Circuit Asssembly] on active RFID projects this year: US$425M. This includes a number of niches and related technologies including ZigBee, UWB, and RTLS.

GBP 800M For Tech For British Biometric ID Cards
It's expected that the technology for the British biometric national ID card will cost GBP 800Mln, with a total cost of the program around GBP $5.4 Bln. [via VNU Net]

October 04, 2006

DOD RFID Deployment: First Phase

ODIN Technologies is just completing the first of two phases of the RFID infrastructure for the DoD (Dept of Defense). This phase includes the deployment of 19 bases containing 69 facilities. ODIN Technologies was selected because of their 100% read rate for their RFID tags. DoD criteria indicate the ability to read either Gen 1 or Gen 2 tags. [via RFID Update] Earlier this year, ODIN Technologies was ranked as number two in the top ten RFID providers list, according to a survey conducted by RFID Update. Last year, they were granted an experimental license by the US FCC to test RFID devices using frequencies prohibited in North America but which are used in a number of European and Asian countries.

October 02, 2006

I Am Not A Number - Battery-Powered, RFID-Implanted Human?

In the Sep/Oct 2006 print issue of RFID Journal, Kevin Ashton, co-founder of the Auto-ID Center and author of an upcoming RFID book, has a fascinating "final word" article called The Fear Factor. It reveals some suprising information that I was unaware of, regarding the implanting of RFID chips into humans. For example, Scott McNealy, former CEO of the giant Sun Microsystems (probably best known for their computers and their Java programming language, which powers 3.5 billion devices worldwide), once apparently said something to the effect that after a baby is born, their bottom should be slapped and an RFID chip implanted in their neck/ shoulders, and that that was not Big Brother, just Dad.

Wow. I don't even know how to respond to this. Gloat? See, I told you so?  Satisfaction? Well, this is just proof that there are people who want to do this despicable act, using radio frequency technology in ways it wasn't intended. (Other than Scott Silverman, CEO of VeriChip Corp's parent company.)

Granted, there are already people who have been microchipped, most willingly or even voluntarily. But Ashton's article says that RFID embedded in flesh will have a short read range, and will not even providing the tracking ability that McNealy and others are talking about. Unless active RFID tags are used, but they would require battery changes every few years. Imagine that, he says, having to be cut open to have batteries replaced.

Now what kind of a cyborg would you be if that was the case? But seriously, as I'm sure I've said even 15+ years ago, when I only knew a very little about RFID, imbedding chips into our bodies is not going to stop kidnapping. Which is what Ashton says as well. But most interesting of all is his premise that maybe human beings have a primal fear of surveillance. If that's true, then it just may be why there is such resistance to VeriChip and similar "implant us all" ideas. Let's just hope that resistance is not futile.

September 29, 2006

Why Promote RFID?

No doubt the above question has been asked many times by many people: why promote a technology that we've done without for so long, and that seems to scare a lot of people? Do we really need it? Is there a political agenda? Something else? Mark Roberti, founder and editor of RFID Journal weighs on why he promotes RFID, and highlights some of the abuse he takes because of it, mostly by email.

His main statement that seems to get a lot of not so delightful email is his belief that consumer concerns of a future Big Brother-like society based on RFID is overblown. His other statement that gets negative response is in saying that some people - namely Katherine Albrecht, founder of CASPIAN - are hyping the concerns for their own agendas, some of which may be religious. On the other hand, there are respected doctors, like Dr. John Halamka, CIO of Harvard Medical School, who willingly allowed himself to be implanted with an RFID chip to prove a point as well as to get a perspective for standards and privacy.

Roberti points out that he has often brought up legitimate privacy and security issues related to RFID, at the RFID Journal website, and thus feels he has not downplayed the concerns. But he believes that the industry would suffer greatly were any company, particularly retailers, were found to be abusing privacy rights. His own business, the magazine, would suffer as well.

While that may be true - and note that this is the first time I am disagreeing with him - that stance in itself is hardly proof that RFID is not being abused or that will not be abused. VeriChip Corp. wants to implant RFID chips into people and has even recommended it for US soliders, the terminally ill, migrant/ visiting workers, etc. I've been writing about privacy and technologies like RFID and smartcards since 1991. Rational, professional, well-respected - and somewhat powerful - people in the know have indicated to me that there has been agenda to tag humans for at least 20 years, emanating from a group in - of all places - California - a state that recently has had a lot of discussions in state Senate about RFID, and have decided to encrypt RFID data on smart id cards.

I like to live by the principle of Occam's Razor. It's something I've learned to do over time. But both my logic and intuition tell me that there really are people who want to tag all of us, though not necessarily for control purposes, just commerce. My science background says that it's possible, and my imagination unfortunately agrees. (There's a saying someone taught me a long time ago: If something is possible, it's probably, given enough time. If something is probably, it's likely, given enough time.)

Think of the fortune you would make if you were one of a handful of companies who could concoct "legitimate" ways of persuading, forcing or even scaring people - all of humanity - into being tagged. And while these people may not want to control you per se, there are others without the means of implementation who might just want to use the technology that way. These two groups are not necessarily mutually exclusive, but probably are. And of course there's the rest, who break down to into several other groups, non of which have negative intentions for RFID.

I'm a middle grounder. I think that RF technology is brilliant, with loads of incredible applications that improve efficiency and potentially reduce operating costs for businesses. But I also think that we have a Pandora's box here, and not because of any religious affiliation. I do not want that box opened, but I also don't want radio frequency technology to go away. Thus, my own purpose for promoting the technology is to make people aware of the parameters, to point out that if there is a conspiracy, there is likely more than one, with different, maybe even cross purposes. But mostly, I'm writing to promote all the good, positive, useful applications of RFID. And there really are a lot of them.

September 27, 2006

Canada-US Border ID Decisions Delayed

American legislators are proposing that a deadline for Canadians and Americans to get e-passports to pass through the US border (from Canada) be delayed by a year and a half. The current deadline is January 2008. The proposed deadline is June 2009. Both countries are already suffering marked decreases in bordertowns all across the Canada-US border, supposedly due to the hassle of security checks. Canadian politicians are calling the delay (if it passes, I guess) a victory for Canada, but that's probably the wrong way to look at it. Free Trade and tourism kind of get shackled, so both countries stand to lose.

The Canadian government is looking for an alternative to the e-passport, including the North American biometric id card, dubbed the PASS card. This card would have an RFID tag to store personal and biometric data on the smart id card. This is suggested as an alternative to passports because the Canadian passport authority would not be able to handle the sudden demand for passports if the existing deadline is maintained.

Even if the delay goes through and the biometric card is used, it only applies to physical border crossings. Canadians and Americans landing in American airports will still have to produce one of the new e-passports. All of this is part of the WHTI (Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative), signed into being by President Bush a few years ago.  The US DHS has been testing RFID across the border since last year.

September 25, 2006

VeriChip VeriTrace RFID System

VeriChip's VeriTrace tracking system is now being used in the Florida Emergency Mortuary Operations Response System (FEMORS) as well as Hawaii's Dept. of Health. The VeriTrace system was used to help identify and track the bodies of victims after Hurrican Katrina. VeriTrace consists of implantable RFID tags, a Bluetooth-based wireless handheld reader, an RFID- and GPS-enabled Ricoh digital camera, and a web-enabled database for data and image collection. [More RFID via RFID Blog] I'll have to admit that it's quite a sophisticated system.

VeriChip has been a controversial company, promoting their implantable RFID chips for use in US soldiers, immigrants/ guest workers, and the chronically ill - basically, it appears, people who may feel they have little choice about being implanted. While there has been resistance to VeriChip and implantable RFID chips in general, the company is said to hold high favor with the Bush administration.

September 21, 2006

New RFID Research Consortium Led By IBM

ITA (International Technology Alliance), a defense technology research program between the US and the UK was announced this week. It consists of 25 organizations led by IBM [RFID Update]. Areas of involvement include military, industry, and academics.

Does anyone else find it strange that no other English-speaking countries are part of this? It's considerably surprising, since, for example, IBM Canada does a considerable amount of R&D (research & development) for IBM head office. Canada has had RFID programs in place since the mid-1980s. Also, Australia has several current RFID initiatives.

Have a look at the RFID Update article to see the list of some very influential partcipating organizations from business and academia. The research program could run for ten years, but no explanation is given of why just these two countries are participating. RFID Journal offers some supplemental information.

This isn't the only RFID consortium. Several others have been forming lately, including RFID Consortium and RFID CUSP. The former is an industry group formed for several reasons including managing an RFID patent pool, as well as promoting UHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID. The latter is a joint effort between academics and industry reps, to study security and privacy implications of radio frequency technology.

August 23, 2006

Persistent VeriChip Wants To RFID-Tag US Soldiers

Not happy with tagging dead bodies in disaster recovery efforts, and babies to supposedly prevent kidnapping, VeriChip Corporation now wants to tag US soldiers. As I've stated before, repeatedly, I despise this company for giving the public the general impression that RFID is an evil technology. It's bad enough that US soldiers in the past have been the subject of drug tests during other wars, but now this intended treatment of them as livestock/ household pets sickens me. Has VeriChip no respect for the brave men and women who serve the country? How could they possibly claim they do?

Given that the intended implantable chips are supposed to replace the "dog tags" that soliders have worn since the early 1900s, VeriChip has yet to give any legitimate reason for their seeming agenda to implant as many living people as they can. Why wearable RFID devices aren't suffcient, I don't know.

While US citizens may generally feel resistance to implantable RFID chips, VeriChip is said to hold strong favor with the current administration. If this implanting comes to pass, there is going to be a political and media frenzy. Consider that Wisconsin and other US states have banned the forced implantation of RFID into humans. What happens when a soldier from one of those states is implanted? As I understand it, State law supplants Federal. This is one of those proverbial slippery slopes.

August 11, 2006

Sweeney's Three Keys To Successful RFID Implementation

Despite RFID's decade's old origins, it's current host of applications is relatively new, and many companies lack the skilled workers to effectively implement the technology into their business practices. In an interview with Patrick Sweeney, CEO of ODIN TechnologiesAIM Global offers three keys to successful RFID Implementation.

Sweeney has been working with the DoD (US Dept. of Defense) and dealing with their stringent demands for 100% read rates as part of massive RFID trials. He says that the three keys to successful RFID implementation are understanding the phsyics of radio frequency, realizing there's no silver bullet to picking the right hardware, and following a proven process.

Very wise advice. I don't think I've heard it put that succinctly before.

July 31, 2006

RFID Roundup #4 - Military, Government, Enivronmental Uses

A study on polar bears in Alaska, by members of the USGS (US Geological Survey) shows that some types of RFID tags can be read from as far away as 1500 feet, while the reader is in motion (in this case, a helicopter). In terms of savings, the RFID ear tags cost US$35 and the battery lasts five years. Compare this to the older satellite radio collars at US$4,000, with batteries only lasting two years. Obviously, the radio collars can be tracked at a greater distance.

While the RFID Journal article linked above does not mention it, researchers have noticed recent cases of cannibalism in polar bears in the Arctic - something that is previously undocumented.

The Defense Appropriations Act for fiscal 2007 has had a total of $17 million added for projects either directly or indirectly related toRFID. [via RFID Law Blog]

The state of Ohio has followed in the footsteps of the state of Wisconsin in barring the forced implantation of RFID chips into people.The state is, however, using RFID-enabled wristbands on state prisoners. [via RFID Blog]

Psion Teklogix has gained a US$1.8 mln contract from the DoD. [via RFID News]

The German government is considering using RFID tags for more major public events, after the success of the massive RFID trial at the FIFAWorld Cup soccer event. [via Heise Online]

July 24, 2006

Database of RFID Case Studies

IdTechEx is keeping a database of RFID applications [via Logistics Today] and trials from around the world. Here are a few salient points from the database, at the time of this writing.

(a) There are over 2000 case studies involving over 220 companies in 76 countries. Over three 300 of those studies were conducted or started between January and July 2006.

(b) The top 5 application areas were as follows:

(1) [410 cases] Retail, consumer goods.
(2) [352] Financial, security, safety.
(3) [292] Passenger transport, automotive.
(4) [236] Leisure, sports.
(5) [191] Land and sea logistics, postal.

I would have though that there'd be more applications in Healthcare [161 cases] or Manufacturing [152] studies. Thankfully, there is no "cyborg" area of study. Unless that's under Military [42 cases]. (In terms of national security, what I think would be interesting to track is how many of the countries participating in RFID studies are actually part of the United Nations.)

The case studies are not free, costing US$750 (€600) for one application area, or US$2800 (€2250) for all areas, for one year of access. Still, there is a substantial amount of information on the public pages, as well as sample reports for download.

May 12, 2006

Largest ever defence testing of RFID by Aussies

The Australian Department of Defense DoD carried out the largest RFID trial in the $20 million pilot project. The objective of the trial use of RFID tags is to upgrade the logistics operations of Defense Material Organization, which is an integral part of DoD. A major portion of the Defence budget (32 percent) is allotted to DMO. This organization bears the responsibility of providing various materials to Australian troops.

DMO has the widest network across the 50 physical locations in Australia and other countries. Due to certain factors like delay in reaching supplies to the troops, tenuous supply chain, multiple order, poor visibility of the contents of shipping containers put Australia Department of Defense in trouble and also DMO. In order to avoid all these factors, the DMO will use RFID tags to monitor the supply and storage of materials meant for troops.

Via: [RFID Blog]

May 08, 2006

Aussie defence RFID deployment delayed

Australian Defence Force ADF delayed the use of Radio Frequency tags for six months because of project software problems, but stressed that the work is on to find out the solutions. 

The ADF had planned to install RFID tags to Iraq by March. But for certain problems the ADF had to postpone it for about six months.

However tags are in use in 32 defence distribution sites around Australia. These tags are used to store and transmit information such as maintenance and repair scheduling of Defence property inside the containers and on the pallets. 

The ADF will ready to use RFID tags to monitor consignments to troops once the capacity and replication problems are resolved.

Brigadier David McGahey said;

We're putting all the hardware in place so that once we resolve the replication issue, we'll be fine.

He further said that tags were unable to handle a number of data input sources and different level of replication. So the ADF delayed the installment of tags for six months.

Via: [ZDNet]

May 04, 2006

DoD immensely benefited from RFID

The US Department of Defence is reaping the benefits form the trial use of RFID technology in its operations. The Department of Defence(DOD) has suggested a number of instances to make it clear. The US Marine deputed in Iraq has become successful in their operation due to large scale implication of RFID technology in various developmental works. The marines using data from RFID tags attached to their supplies reach them in time. Shipments are tagged in America and read in Iraq. The soldiers can easily notice where requested supplies are in DOD supply chain.

The RFID in Marine supply has reduced the cost of inventory value from $127 to $70million. DOD has achieved this by reducing unnecessary reordering when the supplies have been delayed. The military organization is able to keep an accurate report on the supplies. Additional benefits have also been recorded. Average delivery times have dropped from 28 days to 16 days, while the supply backlog of 92,000 shipments has fallen to 11,000.

The potential benefits for the DOD across its supply chain are expected to be significant. Annually, the department spends a total of $120 billions for logistics, including $42 million for supplies. It manages around $80 billion worth of inventory and $700 billion in assets. It is not surprisingly that the US DOD is going to invest more on RFID technology.

Via: [RFID Journal]

March 11, 2006

DOD will waste $100 million by not reusing $100 cargo tracking tags

That's the conclusion of the latest report from the Government Accountability Office. The Defense Department has spent more than $110 million on radio-frequency identification tags since 1997.  One tag costs $100 and it is made to be reused.
The situation has worsened since the start of Iraq War. Before the war, 10 percent of active tags were being returned for reuse but now only 3 percent have been returned.

Via UPI

December 13, 2005

IDENTEC SOLUTIONS for the Army MSV

IDENTEC SOLUTIONS will provide its RFID Cargo Tracking System to Stewart and Stevenson, who are developing the new U.S Army Maneuver Sustainment Vehicle (MSV) prototypes. The MSV has a load capacity of 13 tons and the project has moved beyond the modeling and simulation period. IDENTEC has teamed up with Citadel Computer Corp. and will be offering the solution based on an open platform so that the Army is able to execute field upgrades easily.

A Citadel Vista-10XL mobile computer and an IDENTEC SOLUTIONS Active RFID reader module are part of the Cargo Tracking System. Antennas mounted on the trucks read the RFID tags on the containers being loaded. The system offers plug-in modules that will allow future technologies to be incorporated easily.

December 09, 2005

Savi wins NC3A contract

Savi Technology has won a contract from the NATO Consultation, Command and Control Agency (NC3A). The contract is for the upgrade and maintenance of the RFID-based network that was developed by Savi in 2004 for the tracking of defense material being shipped to Afghanistan from Europe.

Under the contract, more tags and readers will be purchased; the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) supply-chain software will be enhanced. The supply chain covers Holland, Germany, Uzbekistan, and Afghanistan. The RFID network developed by Savi has facilitated the multi-national operation and has increased the commander’s knowledge of his inventory in hand. Upgrades to the system consist of installing the Savi SmartChain Consignment Management Solution (CMS). The system will allow real-time supply chain management and facilitate information sharing between member nations. The Savi RFID-based networking solution has been given the NATO Standardization Agreement STANAG 2184 stamp of approval.

Savi Technology has also built RFID-based ITV networks for the United Kingdom Ministry of Defense and the Denmark Ministry of Defense. The US DOD’s ITV network has been built and is maintained by Savi. It possesses the world’s largest active RFID cargo tracking system and covers 2,000 locations in 45 countries.

December 03, 2005

RFID in the defense forces

The DOD experience with RFID has largely been one of internal experiments. However, the new contracts that have been issued since last month to the suppliers mandate the tagging of products and cases of certain selected items. ccmsectorinvest.com reports:

The DOD designated its defense depots in Susquehanna, Pa., and San Joachim, Calif., as the first sites to receive tagged products. Right now, several DOD suppliers—including Boeing, Raytheon, GE and Lockheed Martin—have been shipping very limited quantities of tagged products to those depots.

Read More: RFID: it's in the army now!

December 01, 2005

Active RFID reader system for DoD

Savi Technology and Intermec Technologies are two major RFID technology providers to the DOD. The two have launched a new active RFID reader system that is capable of reading bar codes and active RFID tags. The reader system is rugged, lightweight, and promises to identification and tracking of supplies by DOD employees. Intermec supplies the DOD with mobile computing and AIT systems while Savi provides active RFID technology to the DOD.

The reader can read from and write to the tags provided by Savi. It can also read and process data from bar codes such as linear, matrix, stacked, and composite. The reader system consists of a color mobile computer from the Intermec 700 series. The computer enables integrated barcode scanning and has batch 802.11-standard wireless LAN and GSM/GPRS wide-area wireless capabilities. It also uses the SMR-650 from Savi, which supports both the 123 MHz and 433.92 MHz frequencies. The Intermec mobile computer serves as a mount for the SMR-650. The Intermec mobile computer also has the Savi SmartChain Mobile Manager software that enables the reading, writing, and editing of tag data.

November 25, 2005

RFID in the DOD

The U.S military has made some appreciable advancements in giving its supply chain a makeover. The DOD mandates have been considered by several experts to be the most significant factor influencing the spread of RFID. According to Ed Coyle, who is the chief of the DOD Logistics Automatic Identification Technology (AIT) Office, the DOD has to move items worth around $ 29 billion every year in order to facilitate its operations around the globe. It maintains an inventory of around $ 80.5 billion. For over a decade, the DOD has been using RFID to track its equipment across various theaters worldwide.

A military supply chain differs from a civilian supply chain in several respects. The primary objective of having real-time insight into men and machines is to be ready for war. The technology of auto-ID enables the military to have a correct picture of the state of its inventories across the supply chain. The nature of the items in a military supply chain is such that the level of visibility and accuracy is not consistent across the supply chain. Since war can erupt anytime and anywhere, the demand for military hardware and supplies is erratic and unpredictable. The destination of products in a military supply chain is not fixed but keeps shifting as fortunes shift during the war. This requires accurate information on which actions are to be based.

The DOD mandate for passive RFID was outlined on July 30, 2004. Its objective was to add visibility to the DOD logistics operation worldwide. The DOD looks upon RFID as a tool to help in the reliable delivery of the items to the right place and to provide relevant data to the management so that they make take informed decisions.

October 18, 2005

GE and its RFID pilot

GE has said that it is satisfied with the manner in which its proof-of-technology pilot for RFID has shaped up. GE wanted to be ready for the DoD mandates and also use the technology for its own benefits. rfidjournal.com reports:

"We were progressing in fits and starts," says Hamilton. One problem the GE team faced was finding a functional interface between the RFID system and its warehouse management system.

Read More: GE Aviation Finds Value in RFID

October 14, 2005

DFARS

Along with Wal-Mart’s mandates, the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulations Supplement (DFARS) has played an important role in the growth of RFID technology.

October 08, 2005

More contracts from the DoD

According to the analysis group Input, the value of IT contracts from the Department of Defense is expected to increase to $ 8.4 billion, by 2010. informationweek.com reports:

As technology evolves and systems become quickly outdated, the Pentagon wants faster, more efficient turnaround from research to deployment.

Read More: Pentagon Looks To Streamline Supply Chain

May 13, 2005

DoD Awards Contracts to RFID Vendors ADT, Alien

The U.S. Department of Defense has awarded two new RFID vendor contracts during this past week, giving "approved" status to Alien Technologiesand ADT Security Systems. The ADT products approved are the Sensormatic Agile 2 readers, Sensormatic Omnipoint antennas, and GlobeRanger's iMotion RFID software. The DoD also approved Alien's ALR-9770 series multiprotocol readers. This new wave of product approvals by the DoD will allow their buyers a wider array of options to assist in the government's RFID asset tracking and supply chain efforts. According to Information Week:

The awards are part of a government project to build an integrated supply chain that consistently identifies, tracks, locates, and monitors Department of Defense assets and commodities, using passive RFID EPC Class 1 technology.
The RFID EPC-1 technology will be used at inventory warehouses and maintenance, repair, and tracking facilities; at entry and exit points of military facilities; and at roadside installations. It also will be used to handle and track hazardous explosives.

Read more: Department Of Defense RFID Contracts Accelerate

March 29, 2005

The Latest Government Spin of RFID

The Department of Homeland Security and Philips Semiconductors have begun a sort of spin campaign. In recent documents, RFID technology was referred to as "proximity chips," "contactless chips" or "contactless integrated circuits" -- not "RFID." Perhaps this spin Attic is to avoid the privacy debate that has recently flared up over the technology. The Department of Homeland Security has already began to use RFID internally. Very soon it is expected to launch RFID tagged employee cards. Wired.com reports:

The department is also evaluating technology pitches from several RFID tag manufacturers, including Philips, for an RFID-tagged passport containing biometric data. The government's plan will earn billions of dollars for the RFID suppliers while helping security officials track individuals more effectively by detecting their ID documents' radio signals in airport terminals, or wherever reader devices are present.

Read more: RFID Cards Get Spin Treatment

March 21, 2005

Alien Technology Wins DOD Contract

Alien Technology has been awarded a Blanket Purchase Agreement or BPA. In an agreement with the Army Contracting Agency Information Technology, Alien Technology will supply the Army with passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Electronic Product Code 1 tags. These tags will allow for standardization and operability requirements for all Government users of passive RFID EPC-1 tags and their respective components. Frontline Solutions writes:

The BPA serves all of the Department of Defense (DoD) branches with access to a common, integrated structure for logistic identification, tracking, locating, and monitoring of commodities and assets. Use of this technology is intended to assist in data collection, storage information, retrieval methods, information processing, and transmission of tag data across all branches of the DoD.

Read more: Alien Technology to Supply RFID Tags to U.S. Government

March 18, 2005

New DoD RFID Tags Use Satellites

The Department of Defense has recently tested active RFID tags with satellite-communication capabilities. These new tags have been proven to give their location even in remote areas. The RFID tags can be used at ports, depots, and distribution centers. The most important design of these tags is their ability to “phone home.” By adding satellite tracking to RFID, the shipments visibility can now be extended into areas with little RFID infrastructure. RFIDJournal reports:

Extending that supply chain visibility is a key issue for the DOD, especially in the light of the recent performance of the military's supply operations. In a report on U.S. military logistics regarding the war in Iraq, the U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO) wrote that it found a catalog of expensive errors in getting materiel to the troops. These errors included a backlog of hundreds of pallets and containers of materiel at various distribution points, due to transportation constraints and inadequate asset visibility, as well as a $1.2 billion shortfall between the amount of materiel shipped to the theater of operations and the amount of materiel that units acknowledged they received.

Read more: The U.S. Defense Department is testing a tag that combines RFID, GPS and satellite communication, so that military personnel can know a tag's location at any time.

October 12, 2004

Pentagon Implements RFID Tags on Drugs

The U.S. Department of Defense has announced an initiative to tag all medical supplies and drugs in the supply chain with RFID tags. IBM will carry out the project.

According to BJHC:

The RFID (radio-frequency identification) tags will provide the US military with ‘global transit visibility’. Given a more active international role by the US military, RFID should simplify moving, storing and distributing essential supplies such as drugs and medical consumables from bases in the United States to wherever US forces are in action around the world.

Read more: Pentagon institutes RFID for medical supplies

September 16, 2004

U.S. Military Invests $100 Million in RFID

High-tech RFID tags used to track inventory will help improve logistics efficiency within the U.S. military branches.

According to DefenseLINK News:

That's why, starting in January, the Defense Department wants its suppliers to start using radio frequency identification technology for shipping containers, said Alan Estevez, deputy undersecretary of defense for supply chain integration, at the National Defense Transportation Association's annual conference.
By 2007, Estevez said, the department will require suppliers to apply RFID tags to cases, pallets and all packaging of commodities shipped to all DoD locations.
The Defense Department, he noted, simply is mirroring newer inventory-control systems already undertaken by private-sector giants such as Wal-Mart.

Read more: Radio ID Tagging Aims to Improve Military Logistics

August 09, 2004

Department of Defense Publishes RFID Policy

The Department of Defense has published its RFID supply chain policy guidelines that state the requirements for its suppliers.

According to the RFID Journal:

RFID tags will be mandatory in DOD contracts issued as of Oct. 1, 2004, for delivery of materiel on or after Jan. 1, 2005. The department published its policy guidelines in three appendixes to a memo from Acting Undersecretary of Defense Michael Wynne, dated July 30. The memo states that all contracts with the DOD shall require that passive tags be applied to cases and pallets and to individual high-value items (those currently requiring the military's Unique Identification code, or UID).

Read more: DOD Releases Final RFID Policy

June 16, 2004

Axcess International Tests RFID ActiveTag System at DoD Research Facility

Axcess International provides battery-operated active RFID tag systems for supply chain efficiency.

According to Yahoo! Finance:

"The test was designed to compare alternative radio frequency identification (RFID) system architectures to determine which one could most reliably detect and identify multiple persons automatically by their ID badges upon entry or exit. The objective was to validate the technology as a means of controlling access in high security areas as well as supporting visitor tracking and disaster management applications (often called 'disaster mustering'). A key aspect was a requirement that automatic identification be 'hands free,' meaning that a person had to be identified without touching or presenting the ID card to an electronic reader." Read more

June 04, 2004

Department of Defense to Issue RFID Policy Next Month

According to Federal Computer Week:

"Defense Department officials plan to issue a policy next month for use of radio frequency identification devices (RFID).

"The directive will guide agencies and contractors that are preparing for January's deadline requiring materiel suppliers to be ready for RFID technology. The policy will also explain standards for RFID tags, which lets people track supplies using the spectrum and networks when the tags are placed on cargo containers, said Jack Pellicci, Oracle Corp.'s group vice president of business development in the company's Government, Education, Health and Aerospace/Defense division." Read more

May 11, 2004

Unilever Uses RedPraire RFID to Meet Wal-Mart, DoD Deadline

According to Using RFID:

"RedPrairie Corporation says that it is leading an RFID pilot for Unilever North America to allow the company to implement and test RFID technology within its supply chain in preparation for the pallet and case level RFID mandates issued by Wal-Mart and the US Department of Defense.

"Three Unilever locations have been chosen for the pilot, including a manufacturing site, a Home and Personal Care distribution centre, and a Best Foods distribution centre. RedPrairie's RFID Accelerator solution will be tested for its ability to meet the mandates' demands without having to replace Unilever's existing infrastructure." Read more, including comments from Unilever's supply chain futurist, Simon Ellis, and RedPraire company leader, John Jazwiec.

April 26, 2004

DoD Boosts RFID Effort

According to Tech News World, the Department of Defense is stepping up its RFID effort:

"'The way we fight wars is changing. We need to keep abreast of changes in the way that we do logistics in order to maintain the support that our forces deserve,' says Alan Estevez, assistant deputy under secretary of defense for supply-chain integration. 'We feel that the use of RFID technology is critical to doing that.'" Read more

April 13, 2004

Alien Technology's RFID Trial with Navy a Success

According to Business Wire:

"Alien Technology(R) Corporation announced today it has successfully completed a trial using its EPC Class 1 tags and readers at the Navy Fleet Industrial Supply Center (FISC) Norfolk Military Ocean Terminal for the Department of Defense. The focus of the trial was to increase outbound shipment accuracy through the use of RFID, as well as measure RFID technology capabilities." Read more

April 11, 2004

DoD to Host RFID Meeting with Civilians

According to Federal Computer Week:

"The military will host a meeting in upcoming months with officials from civilian agencies so the government can achieve a consistent policy regarding the use of radio frequency identification devices.

"An intergovernmental meeting will let military and civilian agencies know the commercial RFID technologies used by one another and in development by industry, said Alan Estevez, assistant deputy under secretary of Defense for supply chain integration." Read more

April 08, 2004

DoD Clarifies How it Will Use EPC with UID

The U.S. Department of Defense has clarified its stance on the standard Electronic Product Code numbering system versus its own Unique ID numbering system. According to Ed Coyle, the chief of the DoD Logistics Automatic Identification Technology Office, in most cases the EPC would be accepted instead of UIDs.

The RFID Journal reports:

"So companies, such as Kraft Foods and Coca-Cola, which will be shipping cases and pallets with EPC tags to Wal-Mart, can use the same types of tags to satisfy the U.S. military's requirements.

"Military suppliers that won't be using EPCs can continue using UIDs. The UIDs can be put on RFID tags that communicate with readers using the EPC air interface protocol—the method that EPC tags and readers use to communicate."

Privacy Concerns over Premature RFID Push

From Government Computer News:

"Although the military logistics program itself does not threaten individual privacy, Katherine Albrecht, director of CASPIAN (Consumers Against Supermarket Privacy Invasion and Numbering), called the mandate worrisome, because it is pushing the potentially invasive technology at a critical point in its development.

"Privacy organizations worry that small, identifiable tags on consumer goods could let businesses track and gather data on individuals. These databases also could be made available to government." Read more

April 07, 2004

DoD Pushes for Single RFID Standard

The U.S. Department of Defense is coordinating with other government agencies, including the Food and Drug Administration, General Services Administration, and Postal Service and Transportation Administration, to develop a single set of RFID standards. This is according to Ed Coyle, chief of the Defense Logistics Agency’s Automatic Identification Technology Office.

Government Computer News reports:

"DOD wants to play a strong role in directing development of RFID technology to ensure that its specifications will be compatible with those used by the private sector.

"'We are getting involved now because we want to make sure the technology as it evolves will meet our needs, too,' Coyle said. 'We do not want to be unique.'"

April 04, 2004

RFID Reality Check: Deadline Quickly Approaching

A report on Information Week analyzes the Forrester Research study that was published last week:

"Companies are scrambling to figure out how to pay for and implement radio-frequency identification technology in order to comply with mandates from some of the world's largest retailers, such as Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and Target Corp., as well as the Department of Defense. But the rush is hitting some serious speed bumps."

The article also breaks down Forrester's $9.1 million dollar RFID startup cost. $7.6 million would be spent on tags alone in the first year. Read more

March 31, 2004

DoD to Publish RFID Contractual Clause in October

By June, the U.S. Department of Defense will have finalized its technology requirements for RFID deployment by suppliers. A conference to be held in Washington, D.C. on April 6-8 will give suppliers a last chance to shape those requirements. The DoD has set January 1, 2005 as the deadline for its 43,000 suppliers to place passive RFID tags on all pallets and cases, as well as single items worth $5,000 or more.

According to the RFID Journal:

"The U.S. Department of Defense says that in October, it will publish the details of a new contractual clause for suppliers agreeing to deliver supplies with passive RFID tags, according Ed Coyle, Chief, Logistics Automatic Identification Technology Office for the DOD. ...

"According to Coyle, the department’s RFID pilot at the Norfolk Ocean, Fleet Industrial Supply Center in Virginia is already being expanded to include EPC tracking of shipments to all the U.S. Navy’s ships. In addition, the pilot is already trusted to create the only transaction record."